The SRM Firmware Console
Before you start to install Red Hat Linux on an Alpha, you'll need a basic understanding of the SRM console, what it does, and the information it can provide.
SRM is a UNIX-like firmware console used by many Alpha systems to boot into an operating system. When the system is booted, the SRM console is displayed as a blue screen with a prompt. The prompt looks like P00>>> (the 00 indicates the primary processor). On multi-processor machines, the prompt could be P01>>>, P02>>>, etc.
We recommend that you upgrade your SRM firmware to the most recent version available. Use the show version command at the SRM console prompt to see what version of SRM you're running. For more information about SRM firmware upgrades, see the following URL:
http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware/ |
Additional information on the SRM console can be found at the SRM Firmware HOWTO at the following URL:
http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/srm.html |
The SRM console provides important system information which you'll need to use when installing Red Hat Linux and when administering your Alpha.
SRM Device Names
To see information about system devices that SRM recognizes, use the following command:
show device |
The show device command will display a list of devices. You can alternatively use the shorthand show dev or a command such as show dev dk, which will only display SRM-recognized devices that begin with 'dk' (i.e., all SCSI disk drives).
SRM doesn't identify devices the same way as Red Hat Linux. As an example of SRM's device-naming syntax, the output provided after a show device on a Compaq AlphaServer ES40 will look similar to the following:
P00>>> show device resetting all I/O buses dka0.0.0.4.1 DKA0 RZZDD-LS 0306 dqa0.0.0.15.0 DQA0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6302B 1017 dva0.0.0.1000.0 DVA0 ewa0.0.0.6.1 EWA0 00-00-F8-1B-42-D5 pka0.7.0.4.1 PKA0 SCSI Bus ID 7 |
The following list provides explanations for the most common SRM device names:
- dka0
The `dk' is SRM's designation for a SCSI device. The `a' after the `dk' signifies that it is the first SCSI controller; the `0' indicates the SCSI ID number. So, dka0, dka100, dka200 and dka300 are all SCSI devices on the first SCSI controller. Their SCSI ID numbers are, respectively, 0, 1, 2 and 3. (Note that the `a' and numeric portions of the device identifier work the same way for the other devices; they identify the ordering of the same type of device and provide an ID number.)
If these four devices are all SCSI hard drives, Red Hat Linux would refer to the same four devices as /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc and /dev/sdd.
If your Alpha has a SCSI CD-ROM (instead of an IDE CD-ROM), usually the CD-ROM drive device will be on the second SCSI controller. The SRM device name will then be something like `dkb0' or `dkb500' (`b' for the second SCSI controller, followed by the SCSI ID number). If your machine is set up like this, then Red Hat Linux would refer to the CD-ROM drive as /dev/scd0.
Identification of CD-ROM Drives If the device is a CD-ROM drive, the entry in the third column will identify it as a CD-ROM or be something like "CD-224E" (older Alphas may identify a CD-ROM drive as "RRD46 1337" or something similar).
- dqa0
The `dq' is SRM's designation for an IDE device (for example, an IDE hard drive or an IDE CD-ROM drive). As in the previous example, the `a' indicates that it is the first IDE device, and the '0' is the device's ID number.
Red Hat Linux would refer to the same IDE device as /dev/hda.
If your Alpha has an IDE hard drive and an IDE CD-ROM, then SRM will refer to the hard drive as something like `dqa0' and to the CD-ROM drive as something like `dqb0' or `dqb500.' Red Hat Linux would refer to the same devices as /dev/hda and /dev/hdb.
- dva0
The dva0 device name is the floppy disk drive; Red Hat Linux would refer to the floppy disk drive as /dev/fd0.
- ewa0
The ewa0 device name is the network card; if it is an Ethernet network card, Red Hat Linux would refer to it as eth0.
Other SRM device name examples include mka0, the first SCSI tape device; and pka0, a SCSI host adapter for the first SCSI bus.
Before you begin the installation process, look at the list provided in response to show device on your Alpha's SRM console. Write down how SRM refers to the devices in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. SRM Device Names for your System
| Device | SRM Device Name |
|---|---|
| 3.5-inch diskette drive (usually dva0) | |
| Hard drive | |
| CD-ROM drive |
In this document, we've used the SRM device name dka0 to refer to the hard drive and dqa0 to refer to the CD-ROM drive.
You must choose one of these devices from which to boot Red Hat Linux, during the installation process and every time you wish to boot your machine, unless you set up your SRM boot parameters to boot automatically.
| Devices that SRM Can't Detect |
|---|---|
You may have a SCSI adapter, IDE drives, or networking hardware that is compatible with Red Hat Linux, but is neither OEM Digital or Compaq hardware or otherwise detectable by the SRM console. These types of hardware won't be displayed after the show device command on the SRM console. Using unrecognized hardware may not impede your running Red Hat Linux on your Alpha machine, but you must boot from a device recognized by the SRM console. |
SRM Boot Parameters
Certain SRM system parameters designate information needed to boot an operating system. These parameters include the device from which SRM will boot, which kernel to use, and what filesystem it will use as the root filesystem.
To see the boot parameters recognized by SRM, use the following command:
show boot* |
For example, the output provided for a show boot* on the SRM console might look like the following:
P00>>> show boot* boot_dev dka0.0.0.4.1 boot_file 3/boot/vmlinuz boot_osflags root=/dev/sda3 boot_reset ON bootdef_dev dka0.0.0.4.1 booted_dev dka0.0.0.4.1 booted_file 3/boot/vmlinuz booted_osflags 0 |
The bootdef_dev parameter specifies the device from which SRM will try to boot. In this example, SRM will boot from dka0, which is the first SCSI hard drive.
The boot_file parameter sets the partition, location, and name of the kernel file from which SRM will boot. In this example, boot_file is set to boot from the vmlinuz kernel, which is located in the /boot directory on the third partition of the hard drive. The boot_file variable is equivalent to the -file value for boot on the SRM command line.
The boot_osflags parameter can specify which filesystem will be used as the root filesystem. Note that if this parameter is used, it requires Red Hat Linux (instead of SRM) device naming conventions. The boot_osflags variable is equivalent to the -flags value for boot on the SRM command line.
You can use the set command to change the boot parameters. After you've finished the installation, you'll need to set these variables to the right values, if you want your Alpha to automatically boot Red Hat Linux. Setting the boot parameters to automatically boot Red Hat Linux is covered in the section called Setting SRM Boot Variables in Chapter 3.
To set a boot parameter, use the following command:
set variable "value" |
When you're setting a value for an SRM console parameter, integer values and single word string values don't have to be in quotes; however, since multiple word string values need to be quoted, it is recommended that you enclose all string values in quotes.
To clear a SRM console variable, use the following command:
set variable "" |
In the above command, variable is the name of the SRM console parameter, and the empty quotes ("") denote a blank value. Some integer values cannot be cleared, but can be set to 0. Also note that some SRM console variables are integer in value, but boolean in nature.
Displaying System Information Using SRM
The SRM console can provide more information about your Alpha. Use the following command:
show config | more |
Note the video card on your system. The video card information will be helpful to you if the Red Hat Linux installation program has any trouble probing your video card.
Booting the Installation Program
Your Alpha system will probably be able to boot the Red Hat Linux installation program directly from the Red Hat Linux CD 1. If your Alpha can't boot the installation program from the CD-ROM (or if you want to perform a hard drive, NFS image, FTP, or HTTP installation) you'll need to boot from a diskette. See the section called Booting the Installation Program from a Diskette for more information on booting from a diskette.
Booting the Installation Program from the CD-ROM
Red Hat Linux CD 1 has a valid aboot block, so many modern Alphas which use SRM and aboot can boot directly from the Red Hat Linux CD 1 shipped in the boxed set. The command to boot from an IDE CD-ROM drive looks like the following:
boot dqa0 -flags 0 |
If the previous command is problematic for your system, the format for the full command is as follows:
boot dqa0 -file /kernels/vmlinux.gz -flags "root=/dev/hda initrd=images/ramdisk.img" |
Please note that in the above command, we've used dqa0 (SRM) and /dev/hda (Linux) to refer to an IDE CD-ROM device. Your system may be set up differently, so the command may need to be changed. For example, if your Alpha uses a SCSI CD-ROM device, you might use a command like the following:
boot dkb0 -file /kernels/vmlinux.gz -flags "root=/dev/scd0 initrd=images/ramdisk.img" |
If you'd like to perform a text-mode installation instead of a GUI installation, you'll need to add the text flag to the flags at the end of the full boot command. For example, if you wanted to use the previous boot command to boot a text mode installation, you'd use the following command:
boot dkb0 -file /kernels/vmlinux.gz -flags "root=/dev/scd0 initrd=images/ramdisk.img text" |
See the section called SRM Device Names for more information on how SRM refers to system devices.
| Returning to SRM from the aboot Prompt |
|---|---|
If your boot command doesn't work for some reason, you'll end up at the aboot prompt. To return to the SRM console, use the q command. |
Once the installation program has booted, follow the instructions contained in Chapter 3 to install Red Hat Linux. If you'd prefer to perform a text mode installation, use the instructions provided in Installing Red Hat Linux Via Text Mode in the Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide. Before you perform a text mode installation, please read through Chapter 3 in this manual, so that you understand all of the Alpha-specific installation issues.
Booting the Installation Program from a Diskette
If your Alpha won't boot the Red Hat Linux installation program directly from Red Hat Linux CD 1, you'll need to boot from a diskette. If you want to perform a hard drive, NFS image, FTP or HTTP installation, you'll need to boot from a diskette.
You'll need to create a boot image file diskette from the boot image file on CD 1: images/generic.img. You'll also need a RAM disk image made from images/ramdisk.img, also on CD 1. Instructions for creating disk images are located in Appendix C. Remember to label the diskettes appropriately.
Put the boot image diskette into your floppy drive. If you're going to load the installation program from the CD-ROM drive, you'll need to also put CD 1 into the CD-ROM drive. Use the following command to boot the Red Hat Linux installation program:
boot dva0 -flags 0 |
This command assumes that the aboot bootloader file is on the diskette and that the boot parameters on the diskette are all correct. If you're booting from the diskette provided with Red Hat Linux, this boot command will work.
If for some reason you need the long version of the command to boot from a diskette, it looks like the following:
boot dva0 -file vmlinux.gz -flags "root=/dev/fd0 load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=1" |
In the previous command, you'll need to modify the parameters to match the location of the kernel file on your diskette and the location of the root filesystem.
After you've booted from the floppy, you'll be prompted to take out the boot image diskette and insert the RAM disk diskette with the following message:
VFS: Insert root floppy disk to be loaded into RAM disk and press ENTER |
Insert the RAM disk diskette and press Enter.
If you aren't using the Red Hat Linux CD, the installation program will start in text-mode. You'll need to choose a few basic options for your system and then you'll need to select which installation method you'd like to use. See the section called Selecting an Installation Method in Chapter 3 for more information on different installation methods.
If you're using the CD-ROM to load the installation program, follow the instructions contained in Chapter 3 to install Red Hat Linux.